Integumentary System
Chapter 5
■
Muscular exercise enhances circulation to skin and improves
skin health
■
Skin protects the muscles by external enclosure; helps dissipate
heat generated by the muscles
Skeletal System
Chapters 6–8
■
Skeletal muscle activity maintains bone health and strength
■
Bones provide levers for muscle activity
Nervous System
Chapters 11–15
■
Facial muscle activity allows emotions to be expressed
■
Nervous system stimulates and regulates muscle activity
■
Nervous system activity maintains muscle mass
S Y S T E M
C O N N E C T I O N S
Homeostatic Interrelationships Between the
Muscular System
and Other Body Systems
Endocrine System
Chapter 16
■
Growth hormone and androgens influence skeletal muscle
strength and mass; other hormones help regulate cardiac
and smooth muscle activity
Cardiovascular System
Chapters 17–19
■
Skeletal muscle activity increases efficiency of cardiovascular
functioning; helps prevent atherosclerosis and causes cardiac
hypertrophy
■
Cardiovascular system delivers needed oxygen and nutrients
to muscles
Lymphatic System/Immunity
Chapters 20–21
■
Physical exercise may enhance or depress immunity depending
on its intensity
■
Lymphatic vessels drain leaked tissue fluids; immune system
protects muscles from disease
Respiratory System
Chapter 22
■
Muscular exercise increases respiratory capacity and efficiency
of gas exchange
■
Respiratory system provides oxygen and disposes of carbon
dioxide
Digestive System
Chapter 23
■
Physical activity increases gastrointestinal motility and
elimination when at rest
■
Digestive system provides nutrients needed for muscle health;
liver metabolizes lactic acid
Urinary System
Chapters 25–26
■
Physical activity promotes normal voiding behavior; skeletal
muscle forms the voluntary sphincter of the urethra
■
Urinary system disposes of nitrogenous wastes
Reproductive System
Chapter 27
■
Skeletal muscle helps support pelvic organs (e.g., uterus); assists
erection of penis and clitoris
■
Testicular androgen promotes increased skeletal muscle
314
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